INTERFERENCE IN API MAGAZINE “アピ・マガシン” AND THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF INTERFERENCE.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this analysis is to determine the levels of interference that exist in the Japanese magazine "Api Magazine",“アピ・マガシン”, and The method of data collection by reading the magazine as a whole, then mark interference contained in the text. Of a few pages, pages 4 and 5 of the Api Magazine be the choice, because on that page there is a lot of interference, and the negative effects of the target language because of interference.

The methods of data analysis by identify interference contained in the text, then describe by qualitative description, and finally classified at the level of interference. Based analyzed was found 37 words that interference. 34 words on the level lexical interference, and 3 words on the level phonological interference, and the negative effects of the target language is the original vocabulary will be rarely used, abandoned and endangered.

Key words: Api Magazine ;  Interference ; Negative Effects

I. INTRODUCTION 

Interference is a term used in sociolinguistics and foreign language learning to refer to the errors a speaker introduces into one language as a result of contact with another language. It is also called negative transfer. The most common source of errors is in the process of learning a foreign language, where the native tongue interferes, but interference may occur in other contact situations. (Crystal,1991:180). 

This negative transfers because the element of purity of a language is lost.   It is because of the context in which that language is used. Such as Japanese language used in Indonesia. " 新しいお店や、新メニュー、新サービスなど見逃せない最新トピックス”。”Atarashī o mise ya, shin menyū, shin sābisu nado minogasenai saishin topikkusu” (api-magazine,vol.101-2013-Sep/Oct, page 4).  In English to be “The Latest Topics for you is do not miss a new restaurant, new menu, and new services”. Interference of this sentence is メニューmenyū、サービスsābisu、トピックスtopikkusu、this vocabulary from English “menu, services, topics “. Type of  lexical interference. 

According to Richards (1975:36) “the problems happen is a matter of interference which may be defined as the use of elements from one language while using/speaking another and may be found at the levels of pronunciation, morphology, syntax and vocabulary”.  Based on it, then the data will be analyzed at the level of pronunciation, morphology, syntax and vocabulary and then will be known types of interference.

According to Jendra (1991:180) “kinds of interference in terms of areas, namely:

1.      Phonological interference is interference in pronunciation system. The Japanese are difficult to pronounce the phoneme / l /, so pronounced as the phoneme / r /. Example: the word “Bali” will be spoken “Bari”, “Babi guling” will be spoken “Babi gurin”,etc.

2.      Morphology interference is interference in the system of word formation. example: Indonesian "Tertawa” will be spoken “ketawa" because of  interference  from Javanese.

3.      Syntactic interference is interference in the system of sentence, which includes the phrase and clause. example: from source language Balinese "Ia sing enu nongos di Denpasar" be translated into Indonesian "Dia tidak masih tinggal di Denpasar" sentence "tidak masih tinggal" more appropriately to be "tidak lagi tinggal". so that more matching is "Dia tidak lagi tinggal di Denpasar".

4.      lexical interference is interference in the system vocabulary. example: the effect of interference from English into Indonesian "stop, check, out, etc.

5.      Semantic interference is interference in the system of meaning. example: ‘Amerta’ 'live' (Sanskrit) absorbed in Indonesia (Bali) 'merta'.

This interference is very interesting to discuss because it will provide new knowledge for translators who will translate a language. This is why I want to know what kinds of interference in Api-magazine, “アピ・マガシン”, and the negative effects of the target language because of interference.

II. MATERIAL AND METHOD

The material of this discuss is texts from api-magazine“アピ・マガシン”, Vol.101-2013- Sep/Oct. This magazine is a Japanese language magazine aimed at providing information to Japanese people about restaurants, hotels, spas, attractions, etc, in Bali.

The method of data collection by reading the magazine as a whole, then mark interference contained in the text. Of a few pages, pages 4 and 5 of the Api Magazine be the choice, because on that page there is a lot of interference.  The method of data analysis by identify interference contained in the text, then describe by qualitative description, and finally classified at the level of interference.

  

         III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The results and discussion of this interference is presented as follows:

3.1        バリ島随－のスペイン料理レストラン“La Sal”で新メニュー！スペイン流バビグリンは必食！( page :04)

“Baritō zui - no Supein ryōri resutoran “La Sal” de shin menyū! Supein-ryū babigurin wa hisshoku!”

 In English “New menu in a Spanish restaurant "La Sal" of-Bali Sui! Spanish pork roll should be taste!”.

·         バリ ’Bari’ is interference from Indonesian ‘Bali’. The word ‘Bali’, Phoneme / l /, pronounced as the phoneme / r / will be spoken ‘Bari’.  Types of phonological interference.

·         レストラン ‘Resutoran’ is interference from English ‘Restaurant’, types of  lexical interference. Negative effects of the interference ‘restaurant’ will eliminate the use of the original Japanese word  料亭, 飯店, 飲食店, 料理店, 料理屋, Ryōtei, hanten, inshoku-ten, ryōri-ten, ryōri-ya”. 　

·         メニュー ‘Menyū’ is interference from English ‘Menu’ , types of lexical interference.  Negative effects of the interference ‘Menu’ will eliminate the use of the original Japanese word 献立, kondate’.

·         バビグリン ‘Babi gurin’ is interference from Balinese ‘Babi guling’ Phoneme / l /, pronounced as the phoneme / r / will be spoken ‘Babigurin’.  Types of phonological interference. ‘Babi guling’ in Japanese is 豚焼き’butayaki’. Negative effects ‘babi guling’ makes Japanese people do not understand because not familiar with the Balinese Food.

3.2        シェフのインスピレーションによって出現する新たな料理は、-----。(page :04)

                  “Shefu no insupirēshon ni yotte shutsugen suru aratana ryōri wa, ----.

                   In English “A new dish that appears by inspiration of  Chef, ---.

·         シェプ ‘Shefu’ is interference from English “Chef’ types of lexical interference. Negative effectsof the interference ‘Chef’ will eliminate the use of the original Japanese word 料理長 ‘ryōri-chō’.

·         インスピレーション ‘insupirēshon’ is interference from English, ‘inspiration’ types of lexical interference.

3.3        スミニャックの一等地にヨガスタジオ＆本格的なヨガウェアショップが待望OPEN! (page :04)

“Suminyakku no ichi-tōchi ni yoga sutajio to Honkaku-tekina yoga uea shoppu ga taibō ōpun!”.

In English “Yoga studio in a prime location Seminyak &
Yoga wear shop is the most complete and long-awaited, soon OPEN!”

·         ヨガスタジオ ‘yoga sutajio’.  ‘yoga ‘ is interference from Sanskrit ‘yoga’ and ‘sutajio’ is interference from English ‘studio’, types lexical interference.

·         ショップ ‘shoppu’ is interference from English ‘shop’, types of lexical interference. Negative effectsof the interference ‘shop’ will eliminate the use of the original Japanese word  店、売店mise, baiten.

·         ウェア ‘uea’ is interference from English ‘wear’, types of lexical interference.

·         OPEN is interference from English, types of lexical interference.

3.4        デザインが完成するまでに１ヶ月間ヨガを実際に試して伸縮性や機能性をチェックされた着心地の良いウェアに出会える。(Page :04)

“Dezain ga kansei suru made ni 1-kagetsu-kan yoga o jissai ni tameshite shinshuku-sei ya kinō-sei o chekku sa reta kigokochi no yoi uea ni deaeru”

In English “You can find a nice and comfortable wear, check function and elasticity, and try the real yoga is designed to be completed within a month”.

·         デサイン ‘desain’ is interference from English ‘design’, types of lexical interference.

·         チェック ‘chekku’ is interference from English ‘check’ types of lexical interference.

3.5        サヌールの老舗タンジュンサリ内に日本語で学べるジャムゥ･スパ・スクールが誕生！(Page : 04)

“Sanūru no shinise tanjunsari-nai ni nihongo de manaberu jamu~u supa sukūru ga tanjō!”

In English “Jamu Spa School has been founded to be able to learn Japanese in Tanjunsari, Sanur!

·         ジャムゥ ‘Jamu’ interference from Javanese ‘jamu’ types of lexical interference.

·         スパ ‘Supa’ interference from Latin ‘ SPA (Slous Per Aquae)’ types of lexical interference.

·         スクール ‘sukūru’ interference from English ‘School’ types of lexical interference. Negative effects of the interference ‘school’ will eliminate the use of the original Japanese word  学校 ‘Gakkō’.

3.6        基本のバリニーズマッサージ、スクラブ、フェイシャルが学べる。(Page : 04)

                 “Kihon no Barinīzu massāji, sukurabu, feisharu ga manaberu”

                  In English “I study the basics of Balinese massage, scrub, and facial”

·       バリニーズ ‘ Barinīzu’ interference from English ‘Balinese’. Phoneme   /l/, pronounced as the phoneme /r/ will be spoken ‘barinese’ types of phonological interference.

·         マッサージ ‘massāji’ interference from English ‘massage’ types of lexical interference.      

·         スクラブ ‘sukurabu’interference from English ‘scrub’ types of lexical interference.

·         フェイシャル ‘feisharu’ interference from English  ‘facial’. Phoneme /l/, pronounced as the phoneme / r / will be spoken ‘facial’ types of phonological interference.

3.7        10 月来までにプロモーション中。(Page : 04)

                 “10 Getsurai made ni puromōshon-chū”.

                  In English “Promotion until next October”.

·         プロモーション ‘puromōshon’  interference from English ‘promotion’ types of lexical interference.

3.8        マンゴの木に⎾鳥の巣⏌をイメージして竹や藁で造られたスパルームがなんといっても注目の的。(Page : 04)

“Mango no ki ni (tori no su) o imēji shite take ya wara de tsukura reta suparūmu ga nanto itte mo chūmoku no mato”

In English “spa room made ​​of bamboo and straw is the image of (bird cage) in a mango tree that became the center of attention than others”.

·         マンゴ ‘mango’ interference from English ‘mango’ types of lexical interference.

·         イメージ ‘imēji’ interference from English ‘image’ types of lexical interference. Negative effects of the interference ‘image’ will eliminate the use of the original Japanese word 画像, 映像 ‘gazō, eizō’.

·         スパルーム ‘suparūmu’ interference from English ‘Spa room’ types of  lexical interference.

3.9        アジアを中心に集めた可愛いパーツのピアスやヘアアクセなど日本人オーナーのセンス光るアイテムがズラリ！( page : 05 )

“Ajia o chūshin ni atsumeta kawaii pātsu no piasu ya heaakuse nado nihonjin ōnā no sensu hikaru aitemu ga zurari”

In English “Interesting parts collected from Asia like earrings, hair accessories etc, who have a sense of glowing items is owners by the Japanese”.

·         パーツ  ‘pātsu’ is interference from English ‘parts’, types of lexical interference.

·         ヘアアクセ ‘heaakuse’ is interference from English ‘hair accessories’, types of lexical interference.

·         オーナー ‘ōnā’ is interference from English ‘owner’, types of lexical interference.

·         センス ‘sensu’ is interference from English ‘sense’, types of lexical interference.

·         アイテム ‘aitemu’ is interference from English ‘item’ type of lexical interference.

3.10    すでに多数のトラベル誌でも紹介され、乙女ゴコロをくすぐるハイセンスな雑貨は在住者、旅行者問わず大人気！( page : 05 )

“Sudeni tasū no toraberu-shi demo shōkai sa re, otome-gokoro o kusuguru hai sensuna zakka wa zaijū-sha, ryokō-sha towazu daininki”

In English “This has been introduced in many travel magazines, tempting minds of women, various handicraft products with high quality, which is famous among travelers”.

·         トラベル ‘toraberu’ is interference from English ‘travel’, types of lexical interference. Negative effects of the interference ‘travel’ will eliminate the use of the original Japanese word 旅、旅行　 tabi, ryokō.

·         ハイ ‘hai’ is interference from English ‘high’, types of lexical interference.

3.11    ショップがリニューアルされてさらに見やすいディスプレイに。( page : 05 )

                “Shoppu ga rinyūaru sa rete sarani miyasui disupurei ni”

                In English “In addition to easy-to-read display shop is renewed”

·         リニューアル ‘rinyūaru’ is interference from English ‘renewed’, types of lexical interference.

·         ディスプレイ ‘disupurei’ is interference from English ‘display’ types of lexical interference.

3.12    温かみのあるモダンなインテリアが魅カ。( page : 05 )

               “Atatakami no aru modan'na interia ga miryoku”

               In English “Modern interiors and warm so fascinating”

·         モダン ‘modan’ is interference from English ‘modern’ types of lexical interference.

·         インテリア ‘interia’ is interference from English ‘interior’ type of lexical interference.

3.13    10月31日まで一泊Rp.498,000ー（朝食付）と超破格のプロモーション価格で提供中。( page : 05 )

“10 gatsu 31-nichi made ippaku Rp. 498,000 (Chōshoku-tsuki) to chō hakaku no puromōshon kakaku de teikyō-chū”.

In English “Being provided with promotional price for super special and per night Rp.498000 (with breakfast) until 31 October”.

·        Rp.498,000 is interference from Indonesian, types of lexical interference. If this is in Japanese to be ‘49万8千ルピア’ “yonjūgomanhassen rupia’

·         プロモーション ‘puromōshon’ is interference from English ‘promotion’ types of lexical interference.

3.14    ジューシーなローストチキンが食べられるレストランが登場！( page : 05 )

               “Jūshīna rōsutochikin ga tabe rareru resutoran ga tōjō”

                In English “has been built restaurant dining juicy roast chicken”

·         ロースト ‘rōsuto’ is interference from English ‘roast’, types of lexical interference.

·         チキン ‘chikin’ is interference from English ‘chicken’, types of lexical interference. Negative effects of the interference‘chicken’will eliminate the use of the original Japanese word 鶏肉‘toriniku’.　

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on 14 texts analyzed was found 37 words that interference. 34 word on the level lexical interference, and 3 word  on the level phonological interference, and the negative effects of the target language is the original vocabulary will be rarely used, abandoned and endangered.

REFERENCES

Chaer, Abdul dan Leoni Agustina. 1995. Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal.  Jakarta:Rieka Cipta.

Grosjean, Francois. 1982. Life With Two Language. London : Harvad University.

Jendra,  I Wayan. 1991.Dasar-Dasar Sosiolingistik. Denpasar: Ikayana

Kashiko, Tim.1999. Kamus Lengkap Jepang –Indonesia, Indonesia-Jepang. Surabaya: Kashiko.

Pustaka Agung Harapan, Team. Kamus Lengkap 2 Triliun Inggris-Indonesia, Indonesia-Inggris. Surabaya: CV. Pustaka Agung Harapan.

Sato, Akiko. 2003. Api Magazine Vol 101. Seminyak : CV. Abadi Media Service.

Sudipa. I Nengah, I Made Rajeg dan Luh Putu Laksminy. 2011. Interferensi (Pengaruh bahasa Indonesia dalam bahasa Inggris). Denpasar : Udayana University Press.